The consequence of this effect for agriculture near gully channels is the reduction of soil desiccation and, hence, increased crop yields in the intergully areas near. Effect of gully erosion on livelihoods in suswa catchment. The effect of soil properties on soil erosion is relatively well understood, and it is also well known that in different situations different soil factors may cancel each others effect out rienks et al. Because of more prevalence of gully erosion in the southeastern part of the country, the region has attracted more attention of a number of researchers to unravel the causes of gully erosion. Understanding the combined effect of soil properties on gully. Once started, gullies will continue to move by headward erosion or by slumping of the side walls unless steps are taken to stabilise the disturbance.
Soil erosion is perhaps the most serious mechanism of land degradation in the tropics elswaify, et al. Gully erosion affects soil properties in different ways. The rapid effect of forest in controlling gully erosion scholartrees, poplars, willows and hippophae rhamnoides were planted in the. Investigating the causes and impacts of gully erosion in.
The effects of gully erosion on infrastructural facilities. Causes and effects of gully erosion on agricultural lands and the. Causes and effects of gully erosion on agricultural lands and. Gully erosion erosion soil and water farm management. If soils get saturated with water after prolonged periods of intensive rain, their capacity to absorb water decreases. It provides general information about the gully erosion in several countries around the world including romania and is considered a case study for a river basin. Assessment of environmental impacts and remedies for gully. This method estimates past erosion and cannot predict future erosion.
The total soil loss would include the loss predicted for sheet and. Data was collected in 4 villages eluai, olepolos, olesharo and enkiloriti using a questionnaire on the effect of the gully on livelihoods movement, infrastructure, livestock and farming practices. Pdf causes and effects of gully erosion on agricultural. Gully filling is often adopted for controlling gully erosion by local farmers and thus causes more serious soil erosion. The gully erosion effect on the environment ceur workshop. Determination of the overall effects of the gully erosion in nanka and their neighboring communities. Jul 19, 2015 the black soil region of northeast china is one of the most important grainproducing areas in china. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion the most severe of the four 6061.
Sheet erosion is the planar removal of surface soil by the action of either raindrop splash, shallow flows of surface of water, or even by wind. The contribution of vegetation cover to gully wall stabilization is also discussed. Gully erosion often indicates extreme land degradation. Gully erosion was reported to have a great impact on the. Gully erosion may occur as a result of continuous and heavy rainfall the greater the intensity and duration of a rainfall, the higher the erosion potential. The effects of erosioncontrol structures and gully. Pdf gully and sheet erosion on subtropical mountain. Effect of terrestrial lidar point sampling density in. Towards an assessment of the ephemeral gully erosion. Integrated solutions for combating gully erosion in areas. Major causes and effects of soil erosion on the environment. Gully erosion can be defined as the displacement of soil or soft rock particles by a flow of water that forms narrow incisions that are larger and deeper than rills. In the case of gully erosion, the usually unpredictable. Pdf causes and effects of gully erosion on agricultural lands.
If the cause of the erosion cannot be reversed, then it may not be appropriate to restore the gully back to its pre erosion condition. Gullies in hillslope drainage lines are vulnerable to ongoing erosion because they concentrate runoff and have steep walls. The objective of this research was to study the effects of gully development on soil properties and quality indices in areas adjacent to the gullies. Application of such a dam in northern ethiopia resulted in a decrease of gully erosion rates in vertisols and a rising water table in the intergully areas near the gully channel. In pakistan, 75% of the country is affected by water and wind erosion and gully erosion affects 36% of the agricultural area of the country according to g. Gully erosion highly occurs most in area where the contributing effects of land use, climate change and slope interact are prominent. Impacts, factors and control find, read and cite all the research. Effects of gully erosion on infrastructure in katsinaala. The survey approach involved questionnaire distribution, observation, interviews and photography. Gullies are an important part of the soil erosion process and their occurrence and development may cause serious problems to a regions economy. Effects of wind erosion the first effect is the winnowing of light particles. Drivers and effects of gully erosion on communities in.
The options provided in this guide are suited to the tablelands and slopes landscapes and may not be applicable. This was performed through the utilization of semi variograms to produce overall guiding principles for multitemporal gully surveys based on various levels of laser sam. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of shallow, loosestone check dams, or onerock dams, as a hillslope gully erosion stabilization and. The effect on the soil is similar to that from sheet erosion. Gully erosion is a very serious problem in the black soil region of northeast china. Pdf gully erosion, the most impressive and striking erosion type, has been recognized as one of the major global environmental problems. The largest source of sediment from hillslope gullies under grazing in the study area is erosion of gully walls through runoff and rain splash. Gully erosion gully erosion is an advanced stage of rill erosion where surface channels are eroded to the point where they become a nuisance factor in normal tillage operations figure 5. Gully erosion results not only from surface flow but also often from subsurface flow. This also allowed for a comparison in groundwater dynamics between eroded and noneroded reaches so that effects of gully erosion could be. Gully erosion pdf 330kb saving soil a landholders guide to preventing and. Soil erosion caused by runoff water is one of the most important landdegradation processes in the world. An ephemeral gully typically erodes to the tilled depth. The warke watershed a project paper presented to the faculty of graduate school of cornell university in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree master of professional studies mps by birara chekol tarekegn january 2012.
Aug 24, 2018 gully erosion starting with the minor soil disruption caused by the impact of falling raindrops, splash erosion moves around small particles in the upper soil layer. Assessment of gully erosion process dynamics for water. The nsw department of primary industries provides further detail on the treatment of gully erosion. Changing climate and the effect of gully erosion on akpo. General definition gully treatment is the stabilization of active gullies by vegetative or structural measures or a combination thereof. Gully erosion, the most impressive and striking erosion type, has been recognized as one of the major global environmental problems. The study was carried out to determine the effect of gully erosion in parts of kano metropolis, fifteen gully heads were purposively selected from the study area for determining the magnitude, mechanism of gully development and head ward retreat. This study was aimed at assessing the causes of the gully erosion and its effects on the agricultural lands in the arid region of southeastern iran. Land degradation due to soil erosion, particularly gully erosion by water, is. Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment production in the torreon wash watershed, new mexico, 200912 by anne marie matherne, anne c. Prevention is better than cure 2012 2 on the other hand, in a lot of places poorly managed footpaths and cattle trafficking lines have been transformed to sever gully areas. This study investigated the effect of gully erosion on livelihoods in suswa catchment, narok county. This called for a study of the effect of soil erosion on infrastructure in the study area.
Shallow gully erosion like ephemeral gully erosion is a special erosion type formed by erosion processes and plough activities, and it causes severe soil loss at steep hillslopes. The splash effect also increases compaction and destroys open soils structure. If untreated, the ephemeral gully may develop into a classic. To identify the effect on gully formation of previously installed soil.
Effects of erosion control practices on nutrient loss. Three soil samples were taken from 25, 50, and 75% of the gully. Gully and sheet erosion on subtropical mountain slopes. The present research addresses the effects of land. Rill erosion is often described as the intermediate stage between sheet erosion and gully erosion. This could be due to the fact that houses near the gully were the most affected by runoff. Assess the impact of the gully erosion on the various land uses in the study area between 2006 and 2012, the study covers part of auchi where the gully erosion has devastated a large area of land.
Gully erosion is a welldefined water worn channel monkhouse and small, 1978. All soils can suffer erosion but some are more vulnerable than others. Introduction gullies can be prevented by such measures as increasing the absorptive. Through water erosion, approximately 400 thousand gully erosion formations were formed, covering over 500 thousand hectares according to g. Causes and effects of gully erosion on agricultural lands. We analyzed spot5 imagery from 2007 and tm imagery from 2008 to describe the distributions of gullies and farmland shelterbelts in kedong county and to assess the effect of farmland.
One of the most important effects of gully erosion is destruction of soil structure and reducing its quality. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Gully erosion assessment and control guide local land services. Significant changes can occur to the size of waterways following the growth of poorly managed urbanisation. Runoff may enter a gully from the sides, causing secondary gullies or branching resulting in a. It is therefore necessary to understand the interaction. The extent of these changes primarily depends on the type and degree of. Identification of the gully erosion sites in order to determine their spatial extent. Gully erosion, definition, causes, effects and prevention gully erosion is defined as the removal of the top soil along drainage channels by surface water runoff. Gully erosion, definition, causes, effects and prevention. Assessment of gully erosion process dynamics for water resources management 189 for integrated water resources management, knowledge of soil erosion processes active within the landscape is of fundamental importance.
Pdf this study was aimed at assessing the causes of the gully erosion and its effects on the agricultural lands in the arid region of southeastern. Rill erosion is usually linked with sheet water driven erosion as the shallow flows of water driving sheet erosion tend to coalesce and thus increase both in velocity and scouring capacity. Especially, on the granitic weathered crust, the collapsing gully is most extensive 5, 6, 8. Effects of gully erosion on infrastructure in katsinaala town, benue state iyortyer, clara torkwase1, hundu, williams terseer2 department of geography, college of education katsinaala, benue state, nigeria abstract. Gully erosion is an cuttingedge stage of rill erosion where surface channels. Notably, it is a referred, highly indexed, online international journal with high impact factor. Causes and effects of gully erosion on agricultural lands and the environment article pdf available in communications in soil science and plant analysis 4218.
In this study an ephemeral gully eg, 74 m and a classical gully cg, 52 m connected at the gully s headcut were selected as the study site. Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and. To determine the impact of hydrological process in gully formation and expansion in the area. Gully erosion has serious consequences if left unchecked or uncontrolled and these effects range from ecological, social and. Particularly gully erosion contributes significantly to the total sediment yield of a catchment. Causes and controlling factors of valley bottom gullies mdpi. International journal of science and research ijsr is published as a monthly journal with 12 issues per year. Gully erosion causes severe damage to agricultural lands, including soil loss, increase in surface runoff, lower soil waterholding capacity, lower quality and. Understanding the cause of the gully erosion can help in identifying the best treatment option. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Gully erosion gullies are channels deeper than 30cm that cannot. Konana a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of doctor of philosophy.
Gully erosion is the removal of soil along drainage lines by surface water runoff. This study intends to examine the community assessment on the social and economic effect of gully erosion on dwellers. The effects of gully erosion on infrastructural facilities in. Suggestions of possible solutions to enable the stakeholders reduce, and prevent soil. The effect, however, is more commonly observed as accelerated creek erosion rather than gully erosion. Understanding the combined effect of soil properties on. There are farms in ontario that are losing large quantities of topsoil and subsoil each year due to gully erosion.
Wind erosion is very selective, carrying the finest particles particularly organic matter, clay and loam many kilometres. Drivers and effects of gully erosion on communities in suswa. From gully erosion estimating soil loss from gully erosion ephemeral or classic definitions ephemeral gully a shallow channel cut by concentrated runoff where soil loosened by mechanical operations is removed, generally between tillage operations. Secondly, the analysis of aerial images allowed for the development of the aerial extent of the palmiet wetland and gullies to be seen over a ten year period and. Finally, gullies eliminate any positive effects of upstream soil and water. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. The details of all publications are in the researchgate in full text pdf forms. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Gullies are evidence of past intense soil erosion processes causing landscape changes, but also. Effects of gully erosion on soil quality indices in.
Sediment erosion and deposition in two sets of paired treated and untreated upland drainages in the torreon wash watershed, upper rio puerco basin, new mexico, were examined over a 3 12year period from spring 2009 through fall 2012. The effects of forest in controlling gully erosion 433 bangiao basin plots above the curve in fig. The collapsing gully erosion is the main important and specific soil erosion type in the red soil region of tropical and subtropical south china 19 fig 1. Effects of upslope runoff on erosion processes at down. The development of gullies is one of the ruthless environmental problems in kano metropolis. Tillage in an area affected by ephemeral gullying removes thin layers of topsoil from ungullied areas to fill the gully. An assessment of gully erosion in kano metropolis, nigeria. Results using the questionnaire showed that the effect of gully erosion on household activities differed significantly between the villages. In this study the environmental impacts of the gully erosion were investigated and remedies are being suggested to arrest andor minimize the menace. Most types of gullies occur in romania, but the majority are relatively small, discontinuous. Because much eroded sediment is deposited in or near the field of origin, only a fraction of the total eroded soil from an area contributes to sediment yield from a watershed. In this study, we have used geologic maps in scales of 1.
The first is that present control measures are not entirely satisfactory in particular, a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of different kinds of gullies is. Field investigation showed that upslope runoff had a great impact on erosion process at downslope shallow gully erosion dominated area in the loess plateau of china. Rill erosion can be reduced by reducing the volume and speed of surface water with grassed waterways and filter strips, ripped mulch lines, and contour drains. Increasingly severe gully erosion in this region has destroyed much farmland and reduced grain production. In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, ejecting soil particles.
Estimating soil loss from gully erosion ephemeral or classic definitions ephemeral gully a shallow channel cut by concentrated runoff where soil loosened by mechanical operations is removed, generally between tillage operations. In this study, the effect of point sampling density on the capability to collect topog raphic information was investigated at individual gully scale. Soils with dispersible subsoils, for example, are subject to serious erosion by tunnelling and gully formation understanding the type of soil and how prone it is to erosion can help avoid problems in. Gross erosion includes sheet, rill, gully and channel erosion, and is the first step in the process of sediment delivery. Effect of farmland shelterbelts on gully erosion in the black.
Central to this is a gully erosion classification system, which categorises gully erosion problems and provides management options for each class of gully. Gully erosion is an advanced stage of rill erosion where surface channels are eroded to the point where they become a nuisance factor in normal tillage operations. Many states in nigeria are currently under the threats of this phenomenal process, southeastern part of the country being the most affected. This study is aimed at assessing gully erosion in gboko, ascertain the magnitude of gully erosion and the effects of gully erosion on infrastructure use in gboko. An erosion gully site in ankpa the ankpa metropolis and environs is one of the areas of southeastern nigeria that have been ravaged by severe gully erosion. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. This was performed through the utilization of semi variograms to produce overall guiding principles for multitemporal gully surveys based on. The field survey and remote sensing and gis techniques were employed in this study. The warke watershed a project paper presented to the faculty of graduate school. Soil erosion is often blamed for drastic reduction of soil fertility. Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment. Pdf gully and sheet erosion on subtropical mountain slopes. Land degradation due to soil erosion, particularly gully erosion by water, is the main threat in the amhara region. The variables used in measuring the effects of erosion on infrastructure are number of collapsed building, fallen electric poles, cut.
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