Prolong pregnancy in nigeria pdf

Nigeria has the second largest hiv epidemic in the world. Normal swelling, which is also called edema, is experienced in the hands, face, legs, ankles, and feet. Manual nipple stimulation at term may promote labor, but effectiveness may. Teenage pregnancy has attracted a great deal of concern and attention from religious leaders, the general public, policymakers, and social scientists, particularly in the developed and less developed countries especially in nigeria. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of pregnancy on the fibrinogen fibc levels of 100 consecutivelyrecruited pregnant women of african descent in sokoto north western nigeria aged 1834 with a mean age. The crosssectional study recruited 189 pregnant women from six selected antenatal clinics in ileife, southwest. Pregnant women and women in labour exhibit their faith and use religious artefacts. Review of twin pregnancies in a tertiary hospital in abuja. The problems of increased maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries like nigeria have been associated with attitudes and socio cultural practices of. Prolonged latent phase women should not be admitted to a maternity unit in the latent phase of labour unless there is a medical indication.

Prevention of mothertochild transmission pmtct of hiv. For women in the policy of induction arms of trials for prolonged pregnancy, there. Tests for the evaluation of preterm labor and premature. Prolonged pregnancy an overview sciencedirect topics. This is due to increased demands of the fetus, growing uterus, placenta, and poor nutritional habits. Media contact for all media inquiries, please contact. The safety of induction of labour in the niger delta region. A policy of induction of labour appears to improve outcomes and reduce perinatal mortality. This study assessed knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards antenatal exercises anex. Pregnancies between 41 weeks 1 day and 41 weeks 6 days, although in the 42nd week are considered as prolonged pregnancies only as they do not complete 42 weeks until the seventh day has elapsed. Using the 20 nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs data. The general hospital is the only secondary level health care referral center in the area. This was a retrospective study of all patients with hom pregnancy in prime medical consultants between jan. Women who were themselves products of a prolonged pregnancy are at higher risk of postterm.

There is an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death, as well as an increase in risk of death in the first year of life. Whereas postmature pregnancy means pregnancy with a should be used to describe the infant with specific clinical fetal syndrome. Fetal, neonatal and maternal complications associated with this condition have always been underestimated. The dilution of blood in pregnancy is a natural process and starts at approximately at the eighth week of pregnancy and progresses until the 32nd to 34th week of pregnancy 3. Since abortion is illegal in nigeria unless medically recommended to save a mothers life, many abortions are carried out clandestinely, and often in an unsafe environment. Pmtct services should be offered before conception, and.

Prolonged pregnancy also known as postterm or postdates pregnancy is used to refer to the 510% of pregnancies which persist up to and beyond 42 weeks gestation in this article, we shall look at the risk factors, management and complications of a prolonged pregnancy. Studies on twin pregnancy are uniquely important to africa and particularly nigeria where the highest incidence in the world exists. Pdf on dec 30, 2015, vikram sinai talaulikar and others published prolonged pregnancy find, read and cite all the research you need on. This study was designed to determine the trend, rate, and obstetric outcomes of twin deliveries in the university of abuja teaching hospital, gwagwalada. Fetomaternal outcome of induced versus spontaneous labour in a. Health care professionals providing care for pregnant women obstetricians. It is, t hus, nece ssary to study issu es relating to sing le par enthoo d in nigeria. Pregnancy nigeria is nigerias first and foremost online maternity dedicated wholly to public service. Nevertheless, a large number of clandestine abortions continue to be carried out regularly, often with dire consequences for the. Available studies on single parenthood in the nigerian context have not focused on causes and cop ing s tr ate gies esp ecial ly in the ar ea of this study uchendu, 1996. Haemostatic changes in pregnancy are significant and essential, and have the potential to cause adverse pregnancy outcome. Induction of labour in prolonged pregnancy and its outcome. May 03, 2016 risks associated with postterm pregnancy fetal and neonatal risks. Postterm pregnancy is a pregnancy that extends to 42 weeks of gestation or beyond.

Sc department of physical and health education college of. The guardian nigeria newspaper brings you the latest headlines, opinions, political news, business reports and international news. Prevalence and effect of malaria in pregnancy among antenatal. Swelling is a normal part of pregnancy that is caused by this additional blood and fluid. Prenatal care in rural nigeria the school of medicine. To determine the prevalence of anemia and the role of iron deficiency in causation of anemia in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the ahmadu bello. Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome, and stillbirths. Also, 32 percent of teenagers in rural areas have begun childbearing, as opposed to 10 percent in the urban areas of nigeria. Risks increase after term and significantly so after 41 weeks of pregnancy.

In nigeria, over 46 % of all girls marry before the age of 18. The terms postdate and prolonged pregnancy are illdefined and. Anemia is common in pregnancy and iron deficiency is a major cause of anemia in pregnant women in africa. Attitude and sociocultural practice during pregnancy.

Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors. This study is an analytical comparative crosssectional study. Current research suggests that the lowest infant mortality rate is achieved when pregnant women have completed at least 41 weeks of gestation before labor is. Naturally occurring highorder multiple hom pregnancies are rare 1 7 per 10,000 even in nigeria noted to have the highest twinning rates. T 218 0 200 400 600 800 1200 1400 1600 5 0 c y e a r s a g e y n o t u s t a t e d n o n e d u c a tio. Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to the usual about 40 weeks. Food assistance fact sheet nigeria food assistance u. Prevention of mothertochild transmission pmtct programmes offer a range of services for women of reproductive age living with or at risk of hiv to maintain their health and stop their infants from acquiring hiv. Pregnancy tennination and the law in nigeria isabella okagbue abortion in nigeria is illegal and carries a heavy jail sentenceup to 14 years imprisonmentunless it is performed to save the life of the pregnant woman. Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in pregnant. Teenage pregnancy has been regarded as a negative occurrence in recent times due to its various negative consequences on the overall wellbeing of the teenage mother and her child, the. Religiosity in health care delivery has attracted some attention in contemporary literature.

Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women toardsw antenatal services in nsukka local government area of enugu state, nigeria igbokwe, c. Request pdf outcome of prolonged pregnancy revisited in a nigerian tertiary centre the study was conducted to evaluate whether routine induction of labour. Introduction the occurrence of twin pregnancy in which a fetus coexists with hydatidi from mole is very rare with an estimated incidence of 1in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000 pregnancies 1. It is not well understood why some women become postterm although in obesity, hormonal and genetic factors have been implicated. Background to the study one of the salient responsibilities of women is procreation as ordained by god. Genetic factors may be involved with prolongation of pregnancy. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in. Mar 02, 2012 the term postterm pregnancy means which has exceeded 42 completed weeks or 294 days from the first day of the last menstrual period. Nigeria where it accounts for more cases and there are an estimated 100 million malaria cases maternal mortality. In nigeria, it is estimated that 510% of pregnancies are complicated by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy hdp 5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and it results in more admissions in the antenatal period than any other disorder. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy in patients with sickle cell disease are regarded as high risk pregnancy, because the mother and the baby carry. This study was designed to assess practice and pattern of antenatal and. The present position nigeria has one of the worst records of maternal deaths in the world and this situation is worsening with time.

In nigeria, an estimated 23 percent of women aged 1519 years have begun childbearing, of which 17 percent have had their first child and. Hence, this study examines factors associated with teenage pregnancy and childbearing in nigeria. The people of nigeria are young, and about 45 % are 15 years of age or younger, while 57 % are under the age of 24. Abstract the prevalence of hepatitis b virus hbv carrier and infectivity status among three hundred 300 pregnant women in makurdi were determined. The federal governments advocacy on the use of contraceptive among sexually active women in nigeria for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy and abortion is beginning to yield positive results. Despite the restrictive law on abortion in nigeria, women give information on induced abortion as. Prolonged pregnancy has traditionally been defined as a pregnancy that extends 2. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy among pregnant women. Outcome of prolonged pregnancy revisited in a nigerian tertiary centre. Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy. Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among.

Maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy eclampsia, complications of unsafe abortion and obstructed andor prolonged labour. Causes, effect and control, international journal of academic research in business and social sciences, human resource management academic research society, international journal of academic research in business and social sciences, vol. Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes or the leaking of fluid from the vagina. Practice and pattern of antenatal and postnatal exercise. Pdf hematological profile of pregnant women in southwest. Duration of human singleton pregnancies in ibadan, nigeria. Ikot ekpene is a rural community in akwa ibom state which is located in the niger delta region of nigeria. Factors associated with teenage pregnancy and fertility in. Proceedings of the ires 16th thinternational conference, riyadh, saudi arabia, 16 november 2015, isbn. In recent decades adolescent pregnancy has become an important health issue in a great number of countries, both developed and developing. According to information of 2006, more than 44 million of young nigerians from 10 24 years were pregnant. Challenges and coping strategies of single parents. Reproductive health indicators in nigeria for the year 2007 average number of children per woman 6 maternal deaths per 100,000 deliveries 1100 antenatal coverage 47%.

Because abortion is officially permitted in nigeria only to save a womans life, it. Prolonged pregnancy beyond 40 weeks, occurs in every. The study sought to investigate the religious beliefs and practices. Fibrinogen levels among pregnant women of african descent. The religious beliefs and practices of patients play an important role in the recovery of the patient. Abortion and challenges of adolescent pregnancy in lagos. Facts on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in nigeria. Pmtct services should be offered before conception, and throughout pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding. The most extensive survey on the subject was recently published by bankole et al11, it utilized demographic health surveystyle technique to interview 2,978 women of reproductive. In nigeria, unintended intercourse is the primary cause of unwanted pregnancies, and many women with unwanted pregnancies decide to end them by abortion. In 2011, the us food and drug administration fda approved progesterone supplementationspecifically. Engagement in physical exercise in pregnancy is hamstrung by safety concerns, skepticism about usefulness, and limited individualized prescription guidelines. Prolonged pregnancy is associated with an increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Anemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women in zaria, nigeria. The objective of the survey is to provide reliable estimates of fertility levels and. Uptake of longacting reversible contraceptive methods in. Ogbeye rn, rm, rphn, msc2 nelly ejimofor rn, bnsc3 1,2department of nursing, faculty of clinical sciences, college of medicine, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria. Hepatitis b virus hbv infection among pregnant women in. City, nigeria, reported that a majority of rape victims were females ages to 19. Pregnancy related causes of thrombocytopaenia include gestational thrombocytopaenia, preeclampsia including hellp syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, dic and thrombocytopaenic purpura. The 2018 nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs is designed to provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in nigeria.

Prolonged follicle stimulation decreases pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization leon clark, m. Prolonged pregnancy is associated with fetal, neonatal and maternal complications. Significantly decreased fibrinogen activity may be due to decreased or dysfunctional fibrinogen. The 2018 ndhs is the sixth survey of its kind to be conducted in nigeria since 1990. Postmature births can carry risks for both the mother and the infant. Prolonged follicle stimulation decreases pregnancy rates. It is lower in developing countries due to a dearth of intrauterine monitoring devices, it is. This coverage policy addresses testing for the evaluation of preterm labor ptl, premature rupture of membrane prom, and risk of preterm delivery ptd. Methodology study site the study was conducted among women in zaria, northern nigeria. Establishing national guidelines for comprehensive. Starting from 10 years old thus, teen pregnancy turns to be the crucial problem of modern nigeria.

Serum levels of oxytocin in pregnancy, parturition and. Box 4384400100, nairobi, kenya abstract it is the opinion consensuses of a few scholars that the institution of marriage has continued to. She volunteers in the pregnancy nigeria project as a content consultant. The terms prolonged pregnancy, postdates and postdatism are synonymously used to describe the same condition.

Knowledge and attitude of nigerian pregnant women towards. Postterm pregnancy is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the typical 40 week duration of pregnancy. This communitybased study of unwanted pregnancy was conducted in 1997 in more urban lagos state and relatively more rural edo state of nigeria. In understanding the issues that are related to teenage fertility and pregnancy in nigeria, the paper uses the 2008 nigeria demographic and health survey data. According to a study conducted by amoran 2 on the predictors of teenage pregnancy and its prevention in a rural town in western nigeria, the prevalence of. The incidence of induction of labour is variable and reflects the confidence of the obstetrician in monitoring pregnancy and its complications as well as assessing the gestational age. Religious beliefs and practices in pregnancy and labour. Teenagers, teenage pregnancy, pregnancy, sex, health.

Establishing national guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education lessons and inspiration. Download fulltext pdf duration of human singleton pregnancies in ibadan, nigeria article pdf available in journal of the national medical association 899. Reduced the incidence of early onset neonatal sepsis. Important diagnostic tools include ultrasound, b hcg estimation, dna typing and histopathology2.

The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. The african culture seems to play a major prohibiting role in physical exercise during pregnancy and immediate postpartum. Fibrinogen levels among pregnant women of african descent in. Worldwide multiple pregnancies are increasing and are associated with increased adverse maternal outcomes. To illustrate how serious the situation of early pregnancy is in nigeria, i took a look at the recently published demographic and health survey 20.

A reflection on the african traditional values of marriage and sexuality dr. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in antenatal women in the three trimesters were studied in southern nigeria. It ranges between 320% depending on the centre calder, 1995. Prolong pregnancy and reduce neonatal morbidity in women with gestation of. A comparative analysis of predictors of teenage pregnancy. Social support during pregnancy among pregnant women in ibadan, nigeria margaret o. A reflection on the african traditional values of marriage. However there are conditions to be met before a woman could start procreating.

Successive studies on unwanted pregnancy in nigeria indicate between 2028% of nigerian women of reproductive age have ever experienced unwanted pregnancy9, 10, 11. On the basis of this, the module explains what makes obstructed labour more likely to occur, what happens in obstructed labour, how signs of obstructed labour can be identified, and steps to be taken for effective management. Sarker s a, nazma s, most l b, lobaba s l, md f a, md k h. In 2008, nigeria was the first african country with adolescent pregnancy. In nigeria, more than 90% of the total population of the country is at risk of malaria infection and about 50% of the population suffer from at least one episode of the disease annually who, 2008. During pregnancy, the body produces approximately 50% more blood and body fluids to meet the needs of the developing baby. A subset of women age 15 to 19 is extracted from the women data. After the 42nd week of gestation, the placenta, which supplies the baby with nutrients and oxygen. As only few infants with prolonged pregnancies will have stigmata of the postmaturity syndrome, using this term to all prolonged pregnancies may falsely imply a pathologically prolonged pregnancy.

Almost 30 million women are threatened by malaria in pregnancy. Progesterone supplementation does not prolong pregnancy in. Department of health and physical education university of nigeria, nsukka, enugu state, nigeria email. Use of herbal medicines to induce labour by pregnant women. Unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in nigeria guttmacher institute introduction chapter tives is very low4a factor that virtually ensures a high level of unplanned pregnancy. Establishing national guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education lessons and inspiration from nigeria. This study was therefore designed to determine the recent prevalence and identify factors associated with teenage pregnancy in a rural town in nigeria. Prolonged conflict perpetuated by boko haram and the islamic state of iraq and syriawest africa has spurred massive displacement and undermined food security in northeastern nigeria and surrounding countries in the lake chad basin. Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among pregnant women. Teenage pregnancy and fertility are often debated in literature as reasons of health concern and as a social problem. Facts on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in nigeria population and fertility roughly 125 million people live in nigeria, making it the most populous country in subsaharan africa. Prevalence of abortion and contraceptive practice among women. Malaria in nigeria malaria is a major public health problem in deaths than any other country in the world. So whether its just information you are looking for or a consultation.